| Material | Use | Join Method |
|---|---|---|
| Copper L/M | Domestic water | Soft solder (lead-free, 230°C) |
| Copper K/L | Med. gas, high-temp | Silver braze (>600°C) |
| Black iron / galv. | Gas, hydronic | NPT threaded (1:16 taper) |
| ABS (B181.1) | DWV | Solvent weld + purple primer |
| PVC Sch 40 (B181.2) | Underground drain/storm | Primer + solvent cement |
| PEX (B137.5) | Hot/cold distribution | Crimp / ProPEX / push-fit |
| Cast iron no-hub | Stacks near sanctuary | Coupling @ 60 in-lb (6.8 N·m) |
| Grooved (Victaulic) | Mech rooms, fire prot. | Roll-groove, 50–60 ft-lb |
| System | Pressure | Hold |
|---|---|---|
| DWV — water | 3 m head min. | 15 min |
| DWV — air | 35 kPa (5 psi) | 15 min |
| Domestic water | 1.5× working or 100 psi | 2 hrs |
| Gas (CSA B149.1) | 15 psig (~100 kPa) | 15 min |
| Pipe | Horizontal | Vertical |
|---|---|---|
| Copper ½"–1" | 1.8 m | — |
| Copper 1¼"+ | 3.0 m | — |
| ABS | 1.2 m | 1.8 m |
| Cast iron | 1.5 m | Every joint + base |
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Min. slope ≤ 3" pipe | 1:50 (2%) |
| Min. slope ≥ 4" pipe | 1:100 (1%) |
| Bedding depth | 150 mm compacted granular |
| Backfill lifts | 200 mm w/ mech. compaction |
| WC rough-in (centre) | 305 mm from finished wall |
| Vent above roof (min.) | 150 mm |
| Vent from window/intake | ≥ 900 mm |
| 1½" trap arm | 1,500 mm max |
| 3" trap arm | 3,600 mm max |
| Fixture | Requirement |
|---|---|
| WC seat height | 430–460 mm |
| WC clear floor space | ≥ 1,500 mm |
| Grab bar — side | 840 mm long, 840–920 mm AFF |
| Grab bar — rear | 610 mm long |
| Lavatory rim (max) | 865 mm |
| Knee clearance (min.) | 685 mm |
| Drinking fountain spout | ≤ 915 mm (accessible unit) |